let’s assume Elizabeth spends exactly $32,000 each year of retirement, or just shy of $1,000 less than she did when she was working. (Again, for the sake of simplicity, let’s assume that the return on her retirement investments exactly matches the annual rise in the cost of living.) With that assumption, her savings will last a little more than 24 years ($770,000 divided by $32,000 per year). But Elizabeth doesn’t live another 24 years: She dies at 85, or 20 years after she left the workforce. As a result, she leaves behind $130,000.

