Many students’ expectations of or prior experience with college classes entail teachers standing in front of the room and “telling.” Anything that deviates from this appears out of place and discomforts students for at least two reasons. First, all their experience says that our job is to do the talking, leaving them the choice of engaging with the subject or not. A second reason for their discomfort, however, is how they view the process of learning. Dualistic thinkers believe that gaining knowledge is as simple as listening to and repeating the views of an authority figure. . . . [Doing
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