legal scholar William Forbath has written: Recalling the Jacksonians’ core anti-oligarchy insight, that the laboring “many” needed mass organizations with the clout to counter the wealthy “few,” New Dealers declared that their labor law reforms would come to the republic’s rescue by finally “incorporat[ing] the industrial workers in the polity of the United States” as a “check upon the power of ‘Big Business.’” Just as Jacksonians defended the invention of the mass party as a structural constitutional necessity, so New Dealers defended the invention of the industrial union.23
