For most Greeks and others across the Mediterranean world, Heracles was the greatest of the heroes, the ne plus ultra, the nonpareil, the paradigm, model, and pattern of what a hero should be. The Athenians would come to prefer his kinsman Theseus, who, as we shall see, exhibited not just the strength and valor expected of a great hero, but intelligence, wit, insight, and wisdom too— qualities that the Athenians (much to the contempt of their neighbors) believed uniquely exemplified their character and culture.115 Yet Heracles was the strongest man who ever lived. No human, and almost no
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