1978, U.S. automakers sold 9.3 million units. In 1979, they moved only 8.3 million. The economic consequences were colossal, for one out of twelve manufacturing jobs—in sectors like rubber, steel, and aluminum—were tied to the industry. Factory layoffs were one of the reasons voters in Southey, Cicero, and Milwaukee were so angry—and blamed racial scapegoats for their plight. The
