In both revivals many of the major leaders were men of both spiritual depth and intellectual force. Men like Timothy Dwight and Charles Simeon in the Second Awakening were able to exert both theological power in the church and apologetic control over the culture.25 As the divorce between piety and intellect in American Christianity continued to advance, however, evangelical leadership began to fall increasingly into two classes: the evangelistic technicians on the one hand and the orthodox confessional theologians on the other.
