Because the data are central to these systems, one rarely needs professional training in computer science to spot unconvincing claims or problematic applications. Most of the time, we don’t need to understand the learning algorithm in detail. Nor do we need to understand the workings of the program that the learning algorithm generates. (In so-called deep learning models, no one—including the creators of the algorithm—really understands the workings of the program that algorithm generates.) All you have to do to spot problems is to think about the training data and the labels that are fed into
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