The papyrus’s small size reminded Luijendijk of the scraps she wrote her dissertation about, the fragments of private letters that archaeologists had found in fifteen-hundred-year-old garbage dumps outside Oxyrhynchus, a provincial capital built by prosperous Greek settlers. Some ancient might have trashed this papyrus, too, Luijendijk thought, either because its ideas fell out of favor or simply because a scribe made a fresh copy when this one wore out. Luijendijk had recently published a paper titled “Sacred Scriptures as Trash: Biblical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus.” It argued that Christians
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