Bayesian learning is also now seen as a fundamental process of human awareness of the environment, in that we have prior expectations about what we will see in any context, and then only need to take notice of unexpected features in our vision which are then used to update our current perceptions. This is the idea behind the so-called Bayesian Brain.6 The same learning procedures have been implemented in self-driving cars, which have a probabilistic ‘mental map’ of their surroundings that is constantly being updated by recognition of traffic lights, people, other cars, and so on: ‘In essence,
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