Individual effort was surely worthy of praise, but did it amount to anything more than having the good fortune to encounter the right people and events to orient you toward it? Nakakita, for example, was convinced of the perspective taken by recent biology that a person’s character was determined by the synergy between genetic and environmental factors and believed that the exclusionary dichotomy between nature and nurture was specious. It went without saying that he dismissed the assertion that everything is the responsibility of the individual as the pinnacle of folly. Kido was of exactly
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