So How Do I Interpret t(58) = −0.14, p > .05? t represents the test statistic that was used. 58 is the number of degrees of freedom. −0.14 is the obtained value, calculated using the formula we showed you earlier in the chapter. p > .05 (the really important part of this little phrase) indicates that the probability is greater than 5% that on any one test of the null hypothesis, the two groups do not differ because of the way they were taught. Note that p > .05 can also appear as p = ns for nonsignificant.
