Each of these four research hypotheses has one thing in common: They are all statements of inequality. They posit a relationship between variables and not an equality, as the null hypothesis does. The nature of this inequality can take two different forms—a directional or a nondirectional research hypothesis. If the research hypothesis posits no direction to the inequality (such as only saying “different from”), the hypothesis is a nondirectional research hypothesis. If the research hypothesis posits a direction to the inequality (such as “more than” or “less than”), the research hypothesis is
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