The more times that a flood of opioids is introduced, the harder the brain works to adapt to this new situation, reacting less strongly in the presence of the opioid. The result is the phenomena of tolerance, which means that more of the drug is required to achieve the same pain-relieving or euphoric effects, and dependence, which means that removing the source of opioids induces withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal is, to put it simply, the opposite of the drug’s effects: symptoms typically include dysphoria, hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain), restlessness and insomnia, as well as
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