In a remarkable side note, Fridell, almost in passing, concludes that this “bias” seems to be at least as strong among minority officers as white ones. Falsely believing that a suspect was armed in a series of threat perception modules was slightly but significantly more common when the “suspect” was Black, even if all of the tested officers were themselves Black or Hispanic. Fridell does not stand alone in this secondary finding: multiple serious scholars have found that Black and Latino officers are in fact more likely to discharge their weapons at criminal suspects of all races than white
...more
