Like Martin, most of the bug catchers had focused on consensus flaws, not on denial-of-service attacks. The thinking was that the need to pay for gas would make such attacks expensive and less likely to cause real damage. As dawn came in Shanghai that Monday, they realized just how wrong they were. Sure, they were angry at the attackers, but the prevailing feeling as they scrambled to find a solution was that this was a test. It was a pain, but ultimately a good thing because someone was forcing them to iron out flaws they hadn’t been able to catch. Ethereum was supposed to withstand exactly
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