For products and services where meaningful competition is important, the lever of intellectual property reform offers an alternative to antitrust efforts to break up tech companies, which would have limited success in restoring competition due to intellectual property hoarding and high start-up costs in the sector. Rather than breaking up companies horizontally by undoing acquisitions — as has been proposed by US Senator Elizabeth Warren18 — their power could be challenged vertically, through removing their control over intellectual property. This would essentially tackle their power from the
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