The Future of Humanity: Terraforming Mars, Interstellar Travel, Immortality, and Our Destiny Beyond Earth

by Michio Kaku

know that any object in our universe can be described by three numbers: length, width, and height. If we add time, then four numbers can describe any event in the universe.

string theory says that the universe was originally ten-dimensional,

dimensional, but for some reason six of these dimensions curled up, leaving us with the illusion that our world has only four. Although this feature of string theory seems fantastic, efforts are under way to actually measure these

Type III civilization may be able to access the Planck energy, the point where space-time becomes unstable and faster-than-light travel might be possible. But to calculate the physics of faster-than-light travel,

theory that goes beyond Einstein’s theory, which might well be string theory.

hope is that using string theory, we will be able to calculate the quantum corrections necessary to analyze exotic phenomena such as time travel, interdimensional travel, wo...

String theory should be capable of calculating how much gravitational radiation you would encounter when you pass through the wormhole and answer these questions.

Einstein’s theory of relativity, there are two sources of energy that drive the evolution of the universe. The first is the curvature of space-time, which

creates the familiar gravity fields surrounding the stars and galaxies. This curvature is what keeps our feet on the ground. This is the energy source most studied by astrophysicists.

But there is also a second source of power, which is usually ignored. It is the energy of nothingness, the energy of the vacuum, called dark energy (not to be confused with dark mat...

The most recent calculations show that this dark energy acts like antigravity and it is pushing the universe apart. The more the universe expands, the more dark energy there is, which causes it to expand even faster...

dark energy, which is pushing the galaxies away from us, is clearly the dominant force in the universe, much larger than the energy contained in the curvature of space-time.

advanced civilization might be able to build a gigantic particle accelerator the size of the asteroid belt that could open up a wormhole. If it is stabilized by negative energy,