The Future of Humanity: Terraforming Mars, Interstellar Travel, Immortality, and Our Destiny Beyond Earth

by Michio Kaku

Elysium Health,

the Hayflick limit.

Dr. Leonard Hayflick,

Elizabeth Blackburn

Dr. Michael D. West,

the Greenland shark

one shark that was 392 years old

another that might be as old as 512.

Thomas Perls

Clive M. McCay

Amy Wagers

protein called GDF11

the University of Haifa in Israel

Biogerontology,

FOXO3, DNA methylation, mTOR,

Gerald Sussman

Lester Brown,

digital immortality,

Library of Souls.

Winston Churchill,

the Human Connectome Project,

Daniel Hillis, cofounder of Thinking Machines,

the Human Brain Project,

Henry Markram,

the BRAIN Initiative (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies).

optogenetics.

Hans Moravec.

—DAVID GRINSPOON

Professor Miguel Nicolelis of Duke University

Dr. Nicolelis,

John Donoghue

Wake Forest and the University of Southern California

a nanobattery that can store energy at the molecular level.

biotechnology

Jennifer Doudna,

David Weiss

Greg Stock,

Rodney Brooks

J. B. S. Haldane,

“Daedalus, or Science and the Future,”

sordid

Francis Fukuyama

the caveman principle.

Robert Lanza,

David Grinspoon

But we must be prepared if they are not.

prudent to study them first.

the Hat Creek facility

Senator William Proxmire

SETI@home,