At Denisova, the Altai Neanderthal woman’s parents must have been one of the following: double first cousins (sharing both sets of grandparents), an aunt with a nephew, a grandparent with grandchild, or even half-siblings. By many cultural definitions, that’s more like incest than inbreeding. Further analysis of her DNA also found relatively close, if less extreme, relationships between her ancestors over many generations.

