All this means that we can reconstruct in quite outstanding detail the conditions in which Neanderthals lived at any point in time, and also what the world was like when they disappeared. This falls around 40 ka in MIS 3, meaning its climate and environments have come under special scrutiny. Despite being classed as an interglacial in its own right, it’s really more like an extended warm phase between around 65 and 30 ka, during a longer period of generally colder conditions starting in MIS 4 until the end of MIS 2.
