These appeals were more effective than at any prior phase of the Pacific War. In the last stages of the fight on the Kiyan Peninsula, thousands of Japanese soldiers emerged from the caves with their hands held above their heads. Most remarkably—and scandalously, in the traditional Japanese view—entire units surrendered while under the organized command of their own officers. The process tended to snowball—as more Japanese crossed into the American lines, more were willing to follow their example. Many brave American nisei—including men whose parents, siblings, wives, and children had been
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