IN THE JAPANESE THIRTY-SECOND ARMY COMMAND BUNKER, deep below Shuri Castle, the rain of U.S. artillery shells and bombs was little more than a nuisance. The blasts were comfortably muffled, as if they were a long way away. But the bunker was clammy and stifling, and smoke sometimes drifted down the ventilation shafts, sending everyone scrambling for their masks.

