In classical computing, information is stored and processed in the form of ‘bits’ (which stands for binary digits). A single bit of information can have one of two values: zero or one. Combinations of electronic switches, each one a physical manifestation of a bit of information that is either on or off, are used to make logic gates, the building blocks that make up a logic circuit. In contrast, quantum computers operate on what are called quantum bits, or ‘qubits’, which are not restricted to holding just one or the other of these binary states. Instead, a qubit can exist in quantum
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