More than half a century ago, when America was last embroiled in a deep debate about the full scope of its democracy, the Supreme Court wrote, “The weight of a citizen’s vote cannot be made to depend on where he lives.” And yet under the winner-take-all Electoral College today, it does. In 2000, 537 votes in Florida weighed more than 537,000 votes in the rest of the country. In 2016, fewer than 78,000 votes in three states in the upper Midwest counted for more than three million votes nationwide.