A Loyola Law School study found only thirty-one credible allegations of in-person voter fraud—the “problem” voter ID is supposed to address—from 2000 to 2014 out of more than one billion votes cast.8 According to the Brennan Center for Justice, 25 percent of African Americans don’t have a government-issued ID. Only 8 percent of whites don’t have an ID. Getting an identification card is prohibitively expensive for a lot of voters. One study cited by the ACLU found that obtaining an ID can cost between $75 and $175.
