Any upstream effort that makes use of short-term measures—which, presumably, is most of them—should devote time to “pre-gaming,” meaning the careful consideration of how the measures might be misused. Anticipating these abuses before the fact can be productive and even fun, in sharp contrast to reacting to them after the fact. Here are four questions to include in your pre-gaming: The “rising tides” test: Imagine that we succeed on our short-term measures. What else might explain that success, other than our own efforts, and are we tracking those factors? The misalignment test: Imagine that
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