When people ask us how an organization can heal from a painful past, we often reflect on Nohria’s courageous remarks. In our experience, leaders need to confront their organization’s history with both optimism and honesty. Optimism is about building a better tomorrow, fixing an organization’s problems with the kind of humility and resourcefulness we explore throughout this book. Honesty is about taking radical responsibility for the things that went wrong and the human costs of those mistakes.
