In Constantinople and a steadily decreasing amount of its hinterland, from 1261 to 1453, there was the ‘rump’ state of Byzantium itself. Isolated dependencies also existed for different periods of time: to the west the ‘Despotate of Epiros’ (the northwestern part of today’s Greece), to the south the ‘Despotate of the Morea’ (the medieval and later name for the Peloponnese), and to the east the ‘empire of Trebizond’ on the southern shore of the Black Sea, which lasted the longest, until 1461. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries these last Byzantine outposts, including the capital,
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