Participatory democracy has existed only in a full modern form in some socialist contexts, such as during the Spanish Civil War 1936-1938, in which the Spanish Republican anarchist factions were governed with participatory principles. And then it played a significant role during the utopian leftwing surges and intellectual currents of the 1960s. And deliberative democracy has bloomed chiefly as an academic concept, being taught at universities since a few decades back. In its concrete forms it exists only on a micro scale,
