If we want to be good Augustinians, we must posit an asymmetry between goodness and sin.5 In our fallen state, we are capable of sinning but incapable of being good—for that, we need the help of God’s grace. The Pelagians violated this rule by placing both good and evil within the scope of human power, and thus leaving insufficient room for grace. Gottschalk strayed too far in the other direction, by effectively making God the author of both goodness and sin, in that both are predestined. Neither of these views preserved asymmetry. Hincmar, Hrabanus, and Eriugena all saw this point, and
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