Going back to the nineteenth century and the first age of globalization may seem irrelevant when considering today’s rapidly expanding democratization and proliferation of technology, but they are assuredly inextricably linked. Before the nineteenth century, trade was, as characterized by one account, “persistently low.”38 Beginning in the nineteenth century, with advances in technology for shipbuilding, navigation, and even agriculture and manufacturing (which generated goods in excess of what people required for subsistence), trade increased 3 percent annually until about 1913. World Wars I
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