The Toyota Production System that the entire auto industry follows (as do most other forms of manufacturing) emphasizes the reduction of all forms of waste as a core guiding value. As a result, car factories move at a deliberate speed that standardizes work processes, allows workers to spot defects, and gives suppliers time to coordinate just-in-time parts delivery, reducing wasteful scrap and parts inventories. Neither time nor factory floor space limits profit margins to a meaningful extent in any modern factory, making them baffling values to optimize for. Moreover, industrial tooling is
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