The Science of Organizational Change: How Leaders Set Strategy, Change Behavior, and Create an Agile Culture (Leading Change in the Digital Age Book 1)

by Paul Gibbons

People (usually consultants) who make strong causal claims about what they do and company performance are guilty of two logical fallacies: post hoc ergo propter hoc (it happened before it, so it caused it) and causal reductionism (reducing to a single cause something that could have been caused by many things).

Business is a people thing, and the human sciences lack precision and predictive power. We could go along pretending more precision than exists, or we could take a different approach and be far humbler about what we do, ask ourselves tough questions, and in doing so improve the state of our craft.