People with fixed mindsets believe that intelligence (along with talent, personality, and other traits and capabilities) is static: either you have it or you don’t, and you can do little to change it. Having a growth mindset begins with the core belief that intelligence (and talent, personality, capabilities) can be developed—it is not static or predetermined. For people with growth mindsets, the focus is on the process as well as the outcome. The importance of process and effort are critical, as they affect how and what is learned and the progress made. In much the same way that digital
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