Twenty-five years later, in 1948, the picture was much different. Charles Schwab had died bankrupt after living on borrowed money for the last five years of his life. Samuel Insull had died a fugitive from justice, penniless in a foreign land. Howard Hopson was insane. Arthur Cutten had died abroad, insolvent. Richard Whitney had just been released from Sing Sing prison. Albert Fall had just been pardoned from prison so he could die at home. Jesse Livermore had died by suicide, as had Leon Fraser and Ivar Kreuger. All these men, masters of finance, had been mastered by wealth!
