The CIA has not declassified files that would provide details of Gottlieb’s work in Munich. Half a century later, however, the German magazine Der Spiegel discovered and published a document showing that in 1958—while Gottlieb was stationed in Munich—German counterintelligence agents informed Chancellor Konrad Adenauer that CIA officers were arresting people in Germany “without the knowledge of German authorities, imprisoning them at times for months, and subjecting them to forms of interrogation forbidden by German law.”

