• A variety of statistics can be used to summarize the empirical distribution of data-points, including measures of location and spread. • Skewed data distributions are common, and some summary statistics are very sensitive to outlying values. • Data summaries always hide some detail, and care is required so that important information is not lost. • Single sets of numbers can be visualized in strip-charts, box-and-whisker plots and histograms. • Consider transformations to better reveal patterns, and use the eye to detect patterns, outliers, similarities and clusters. • Look at pairs of
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