Range: How Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World

by David Epstein

learning itself is best done slowly to accumulate lasting knowledge, even when that means performing poorly on tests of immediate progress. That is, the most effective learning looks inefficient; it looks like falling behind.

Whether or not experience inevitably led to expertise, they agreed, depended entirely on the domain in question.

In wicked domains, the rules of the game are often unclear or incomplete, there may or may not be repetitive patterns and they may not be obvious, and feedback is often delayed, inaccurate, or both.