the very optimistic 2003 European Security Strategy (Biscop, 2005). The first time that the EU attempted to formulate a comprehensive strategy for all dimensions of international politics (economic, political, and security) it did not arrive at a strategy against somebody else, but at a strategy in favour of a very positive agenda. Hence the strategy’s subtitle: “A secure Europe in a better world”. The objective, of course, was to keep Europe safe; the best way to do that was to make the world a better place. Wasn’t that nice?
