As J. P. Moreland (Fig. 12.5) and William Lane Craig have shown, positing the action of a personal agent with free will resolves this dilemma. The concept of free will, also called libertarian agency, entails the idea that an agent with such freedom of will can initiate a new chain of cause and effect without being compelled by any prior material conditions. Since minds with free agency can initiate new chains of cause and effect without being compelled, the action of a free agent eliminates the need for an infinite regress of prior material states—and thus an infinite universe at odds with
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