Nevertheless, he asked, “Isn’t it still possible that God could have set up the universe with enough information at the beginning to ensure that life would arise in accord with strictly deterministic laws of nature?” I replied that I wasn’t trying to prove there was no possible way that God could have provided enough information at the beginning to make life arising later inevitable. My claim was rather that the evidence we have about this universe and about DNA suggests that the information necessary to produce the first cell did not reside in the elementary particles or energy fields at the
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