In truth, a chorus of twentieth- and twenty-first-century historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science tell a significantly different story. These scholars include Herbert Butterfield,16 A. C. Crombie,17 Michael B. Foster,18 Loren Eiseley,19 David Lindberg,20 Owen Gingerich,21 Reijer Hooykaas,22 Robert Merton,23 Pierre Duhem,24 Colin Russell,25 Alfred North Whitehead,26 Peter Hodgson,27 Ian Barbour,28 Christopher Kaiser,29 Holmes Rolston III,30 Steve Fuller,31 Peter Harrison32 and Rodney Stark,33 to name a handful.
