On the other hand, we lack experience of undirected material processes producing obviously finely tuned systems—ones exhibiting both extreme improbability and functional specificity. Computers, engines, meaningful sequences of letters, and recipes arise from purposeful “fine-tuners,” not undirected processes. For this reason, scientific naturalists have typically attempted to explain the fine tuning not by positing a known law or process, but instead by positing alternate explanations that attempt to reduce the surprise associated with the discovery of the fine tuning. Both the weak anthropic
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