Indeed, if we just consider the fine tuning of the initial entropy, we can calculate that, given the fundamental laws of physics—that is, given naturalism—we should expect vastly fewer life-conducive universes than sterile universes by a factor of 1 to 101098. (See n. 11 in Chapter 8.) Barnes argues philosophical naturalists should also strongly expect a universe in which the constants of the physical laws would render life impossible—for, indeed, the overwhelming majority of those values would also produce a lifeless universe. Thus, again, our present observation of a life-friendly universe
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