Essentials of Kinesiology for the Physical Therapist Assistant
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Kinematics is a branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion.
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Translation occurs when all parts of a “body” move in the same direction as every other part.
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Rotation describes the arc of movement of a “body” about an axis of rotation.
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The axis of rotation is the “pivot point” about which the rotation of the body occurs.
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Movement of the entire human body is generally described as a translation of the body’s center of mass, or center of gravity
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that movement or translation of the entire body is powered by muscles that rotate the limbs.
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It is important to note that the functional movement of nearly all joints in the body occurs through rotation.
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Active movements are generated by stimulated or “active” muscle;
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Passive movements, on the other hand, are generated by sources other than muscular activation,
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The motions of flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane about a medial-lateral axis of rotation (
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Abduction describes movement of a body segment in the frontal plane, away from the midline, whereas adduction describes a frontal plane movement toward the midline