Apps like ClassDojo are used to track every moment of student behavior and performance, sometimes displaying this information on smartboards broadcast in the classrooms themselves, for example identifying those who are successfully following directions (gold star) or those whose dogs ate their homework (frowny face).3 This real-time tracking becomes a narrative of the collective class experience, even as it is happening, as illustrated by Natasha Singer, writing about ClassDojo in the New York Times: For better or for worse, the third graders in Greg Fletcher’s class at Hunter Elementary
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