through the eleventh grade.2 In 2016, for the first time, a majority of fifth through twelfth graders reported being either “not engaged” (29 percent) or “actively disengaged” (22 percent). Over one-fifth of all students fifth grade or older have effectively checked out of school almost entirely. This attitude is particularly evident in high school, where on a five-point scale (five meaning “strongly agree” and one meaning “strongly disagree”) eleventh graders average 3.66 when asked to respond to the statement, “In the last seven days, I have learned something interesting at school.” Fifth
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