In the 1970s, a strain of Second Wave Feminism hostile to transgender people emerged. Academic Janice Raymond’s book The Transsexual Empire is an example of this line of thinking.1201 Much like religious conservatives, some of these feminists reject the idea that gender identity is separate from sex. Other anti-transgender feminists argue that sex is biology and that gender (and by extension gender identity) is purely a social construct. Both religious conservatives and anti-transgender feminists reject the concept of an innate gender identity that is independent of sex and social
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