Another issue with the DSM-IV was that the criteria for diagnosing transgender youth did not require that a child experience dysphoria or have a cross-gender identity, merely that they exhibited stereotypically cross-gender behaviors. For example, a boy who plays with dolls, dresses up, prefers female friends, but does not identify as a girl could have been (and often was) diagnosed with gender identity disorder (juvenile).123 This created problems later on, as some therapists were claiming to “cure” children who were never transgender to begin with. This conflation of gender identity and
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