But this emphasis on natural selection and adaptation raises a different objection, one spelled out by the psychologist Rainer Mausfeld: “the actual role of natural selection in the evolution of complex biological systems is far from obvious. . . . Evolutionary biology has, in more recent years, accumulated pervasive evidence that suggests that the vast majority of evolutionary change has rather little to do with natural selection.” Mausfeld worries that the arguments discussed here take natural selection “as an almost exclusive factor regulating evolutionary change.”
